To travel to the Czech Republic by train, you need a standard package of documents:

• a foreign passport (valid for at least 3 months from the date of return to Russia);
• copies of all internal passport pages with marks;
• a certificate from the place of employment on the letterhead of the organization;
• bank statement;
• invitation (paid hotel reservation or other invitation);
• Travel tickets, photos, profiles.

If you travel by train Moscow - Prague - Moscow, then the visa will be a one-time tourist Schengen. Transit visa is not necessary in your case.

For more information on registering a Czech visa, see the Czech Visa page.