The Tatar city of Bolgar, located on the left bank of the Volga, got its name in 1991 in honor of the capital of the Volga Bulgaria - one of the early state associations of Eastern Europe - located in ancient times at this place .Ancient hill (ruins) of the ancient Bolgar is located near the modern city and is a historical monument of special importance .The cultural heritage is protected by the Bulgarian State Historical and Architectural Museum Preserve, which you can visit to visit the history of ancient Bulgaria, admire the preserved monuments of architecture and archeology, visit the active church and even drink water from a healing source..
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How to get
Bolgar is located 180 km from Kazan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. From the South Bus Station of Kazan to Bolgar depart buses, and during navigation you can get to the "Meteor" from the river port.
Search for air tickets to Kazan (nearest a / p to Bolgaru)
A little history of the ancient city of Bolgar
The Bolgar, which arose at the beginning of the tenth century, reached its heyday at the turn of the 12th-13th centuries, but its development was temporarily interrupted by the Mongol invasion. But already in the second half of the XIV century, surrounded by an earthen rampart and oak walls, the Bulgar turned into one of the largest cities in Europe, it was inhabited by more than 50 thousand people. In the Russian chronicles the city is called the Great Bolgar, and in the eastern - the Golden Throne.
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Architectural and archaeological monuments
The architectural objects of the reserve are unique, as the Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde indicate the disappeared states, and also remain the most northern monument in the world of medieval Muslim architecture and the only example of the Bulgaro-Tatar architecture of the mid-13th-14th centuries.
- Cathedral mosque, XIII century. The only surviving religious structure of the early Golden Horde period. The mosque towered high above the surrounding buildings and could easily be seen from the water. The majestic structure was designed to demonstrate the power of the state and the greatness of Islam. To the north wall of the Cathedral Mosque adjoins the ledge - this is the foundation of the Great Minaret, which has not survived to this day.
- The northern mausoleum, the XIV century, was built over the burials of noble people. Also known under the name "Monastic cellar", as it was used to store food. Today in the mausoleum there is an exhibition of Bulgarian epigraphic monuments.
- East mausoleum, XIV century. The burial vault of the Bulgarian nobility, the most fully preserved monument of Bulgarian architecture. At the beginning of the XVIII century the mausoleum was rebuilt and used as a church. The exposition inside the building on the example of the archeological excavation tells the history of the ancient settlement from the 11th century up to the present day.
- Church of the Assumption, XVIII century. The church built in the Islamic region clearly demonstrates the traces of the policy of Russification carried out by the tsarist government. Now in the former church there is a museum in which the evidence of material culture found during archaeological excavations has been collected, the life of Bulgarians: dishes, tools of artisans, jewelry.
- Small minaret and Khan's tomb, XIV century. The surviving buildings were part of many tombs, memorial mosques located on the territory of the "Khan Cemetery". According to legend, at this place buried Sahibs - the first preachers of Islam on the Bulgarian land.
- The White Chamber - ruins of a bath of the XIV century. In the East, tidiness is considered synonymous with virtue, so bathhouses have always played an important role in public life. The halls at the baths often acted as a place for meetings, talks, public appearances. For a woman, the bathhouse was the only place where she could meet with girlfriends and spend time in idle conversation.
- The Black Chamber, the 14th century, is the most well-preserved monument of Bulgarian architecture. The exact purpose of it is still unknown. Some researchers believe that there was a court in this building, others a mosque or a madrassa, and a third argue that cells and a spacious prayer hall were intended for wandering dervishes.
- Small Gorodok is an architectural complex of the XIII-XIV centuries, taken out of the main settlement. There is no consensus on its purpose.
- Ruins of the Khan bath, XIII century, one of the earliest stone buildings on the site of ancient settlement. The Khan's bath was in close proximity to the Khan's palace and not far from the city center.
Sights outside the ancient settlement
Behind the city wall, on the bank of the Volga is the Gabdrakhman Well - a place of pilgrimage for Muslims. According to legend, this source arose from the impact of the Sahib Gabdrakhman by the staff on the ground and the healing water healed the Khan's daughter. The amazed Khan converted to Islam. And today the water from the spring is considered curative. Its official name is the Captain's Well, in honor of the explorer of the region in the 18th century. N. P. Rychkova.
To the west of the site there are several shallow lakes. The most picturesque of them is Lake Rabigi. According to legend, the daughter of the Bulgarian Khan Rabig and her friends gathered at night in a clearing, led dances and turned into white swans. Once in one of them hit the arrow of the khan who went hunting. Seeing his daughter with an arrow in his chest, the Khan wept all night and the next morning a lake formed from his tears.
Museum of Bread
One of the first objects of the project to revive Bolgar was a unique museum of bread .Its visitors will have the opportunity to participate in the whole technological chain of growing and processing grain..And this means that they will have to collect the ears of their own hands, thresh them, grind the flour from them and then start to bake the bread .The territory of the museum recreates the life of the ancient Bulgars, built a miller's house, a barn, a barn, a rig, a bakery, a smithy, buildings for keeping pets, a well with a crane, and, most importantly, a real wooden mill with a wingspan of 15 meters .(As of June 2011, the complex was almost completed, but not yet opened .)
Practical information
The Museum-Reserve operates from 8.00 to 17.00, weekends: Saturday, Sunday (until April 1), from April 1 until the end of the tourist season - every day.
"Bulgarian fortification - an open-air museum" - pedestrian with the use of a bus, duration 3 hours;
"Bulgarian Orthodox" - the tour includes a visit to the active Holy Avraamin Church and the source of Saint Abraham, pedestrian using the bus, 4 hours.Author - Gulshat Zakirova Photo of the Bulgarian (13)