Armenia is located in the northwest of the Armenian highland, called historical Armenia, between the Black and Caspian Seas. Modern Armenia occupies the tenth part of historical Armenia and is framed from the north and east by the ridges of the Lesser Caucasus.

The relief here is predominantly mountainous, with fast rivers and a few forests, over 90% of the country's area is located at an altitude of more than 1000 m above sea level (the average height is 1800 m above sea level). The lowest points of the relief of Armenia are the valleys of the Araks rivers in the south of the country (380 m above sea level) and Debed in the northeast (430 m above sea level).