If the visa is Schengen, then there are no obstacles for traveling to Poland. However, the non-standard use of it can cause questions from Polish border guards. The final decision is behind them.

If a Schengen visa is open, then it is, of course, possible to go to Poland from Kaliningrad (the territory of the Russian Federation). However, the use of a Lithuanian transit visa to enter Poland can cause additional questions to the Polish border guards.

Please note that the Lithuanian transit visa must be multiple, because when you enter Kaliningrad, when you pass through Lithuania, you run the risk of expending it - then further travel can become difficult. Let's clarify that each of the transit through Latvia allows for a stay of 5 days in the territory of the Schengen countries.