For any trip abroad you will need a passport, at least in order to present it on the Russian passport control and get a mark, that you traveled abroad.

Requirements for the presence of a foreign passport have not changed. It is necessary for crossing the border. More detailed information on the new visa rules can be found on the page "Visa to Turkey"

You have an amazing question! Turkey, this is a foreign country, another state, another country. In general, the word overseas comes from such a thing as, that country which is abroad the country, for example ours - the Russian Federation, because there are borders between different countries. So there is this border between Russia and Turkey, and the state border, in some cases there are several. A passport, denotes a foreign passport, that is, a passport for abroad. Without a passport overseas, abroad in any way!