Pyatigorsk is the pearl of the North Caucasus, the oldest balneological and mud resort of Russia in the composition of the Caucasian Mineral Waters in the Stavropol Territory. Located in the central part of Ciscaucasia, between the Black and Caspian Seas, at the foot of Mount Mashuk.
In the city are the tops of five mountains (and where else does this name come from?): Mashuk (994 m above sea level) with a spur Hot (558 m), Dubrovka (690 m), Kazachka (633 m), Picket (565 m) ) and Post (555 m). These are the main peaks, without taking into account the small spurs and elevations. And the highest point in the vicinity of the city is Mount Beshtau (1401 m), with the top of which offers a fantastic view of the resort and the mountain range of the Caucasus range.
Due to geographical features, the city is divided into almost isolated areas: the lower (western) part with residential quarters and industrial enterprises and the upper (eastern), where the main resort and balneological centers are located.
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How to get
From Moscow to Pyatigorsk you can get on 4 trains, which depart from the Kazan, Kursk and Paveletsky stations. The journey time is from 25 to 36 hours. Approximate ticket price - from 1600 rubles.
By plane from Moscow it is necessary to fly to Mineralnye Vody, the journey time is about two hours, and from Mineralnye Vody to Pyatigorsk get by taxi or bus. Approximate ticket price from 10 000 rubles. The bus to Pyatigorsk will cost about 100 rubles per person, a taxi - 400 rubles.
By car from Moscow to Pyatigorsk on the highway M 6: Mikhailov - Tambov - Volgograd - Elista - Budennovsk or M4 Voronezh - Rostov-on-Don - Armavir - Pyatigorsk. A bus from Moscow to Pyatigorsk can be reached for 1500-2000 rubles.
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Climate
Overcast +10 ° С in the day +1 ° C at night ° С water |
Overcast, light rain +7 ° C in the day +3 ° C at night ° С water |
Overcast, light rain +8 ° С in the day +3 ° C at night ° С water |
| Weather in Pyatigorsk for 10 days | ||
The climate in Pyatigorsk is moderately continental, steppe in combination with the mountain, without sharp fluctuations in daily and annual temperatures. The best period for rest - from May to October, at this time is warm dry weather. The average temperature in July is 21, 5 ° C, but often hot days are up to +35 ° C.
Because the resort is in the mountains, there is no extreme heat, and you can rest all year round. The average monthly temperature in January is -4 ° C, but there is an increase in the thermometer column up to + 10-15 ° C. The average annual rainfall is about 600 mm per year. The rainiest month is June, the least amount of precipitation happens in January.
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History of Pyatigorsk
As evidenced by archaeological excavations, the area in Pyatigorsk district has been inhabited since ancient times. And all the nationalities enjoyed the richness of natural mineral waters with pleasure - this is evidenced by the once-bathed baths in the travertines of the Hot Mountain near the sources. Then the Circassians took over the riches of the region, and the mention of the Bish-dag (five mountains) area with hot springs appeared in the records of the famous Arab traveler of the 14th century. Ibn Batuta.
The official date of the founding of the city is 1780, when the Constantine fortress was erected. Near it there was a village for members of families of retired soldiers. Soon the unusual properties of the local water became known far beyond the region, and Pyatigorsk began to come to the treatment almost from the whole country. To protect the holidaymakers in the area of the Hot Mountain, the Pyatigorsk Redoubt was created - the settlement was called Hot Waters, and after 1830 it was renamed the Imperial Decree to Pyatigorsk.
But only in 1803 Pyatigorsk began the official history of the resort city: in April, the Alexander I Rescript "On Recognition of the State Importance of the Caucasian Mineral Waters and the Need for their Arrangement" was signed. And the region flourished in 1816-1827. - during the command of the troops of the Separate Caucasian Corps General A.P. Ermolov, in honor of which the Ermolov baths were named and a magnificent garden was laid.
In the future the city grew, the resort area developed, and in 1920 the first Balneological Institute was built here.
Treatment
Pyatigorsk is a multidisciplinary balneological and mud resort. Most of the spa facilities are located in the eastern part of the city. The main therapeutic factors are hot hydrogen sulphide and radon mineral waters, as well as medical muds of Tambukansky Lake are widely used. A variety of therapeutic factors and techniques can treat a variety of diseases here.
The main specialization of the hospitals in Pyatigorsk is diseases of the musculoskeletal system, skin, gynecological disorders, occupational diseases (vibration disease, professional polyneuritis), pediatrics (treatment of children with consequences of birth trauma, neurological disorders, and diseases of the digestive system). ±$ br >
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Beaches and water
Although there is no sea near Pyatigorsk, it is possible to sunbathe on the shore of a picturesque lake, near the railway station Novopyatigorsk. The bottom in the lake drops gradually, near the shore is not deep, which is convenient for bathing children. The beach is equipped with the latest word, there is water entertainment for adults and children. Near the beach there are summer cafes. In the area of Lake Tumbakan as well equipped with a beautiful beach, with a variety of water fun.
Recreation & Accommodation
The city has a lot of entertainment, green parks, clubs, discos. For children there are attractions, and for adults clubs and restaurants. For lovers of secluded rest, walks along Lermontovo Square are perfect.
The city has a large number of health resorts, sanatoriums, boarding houses, recreation centers, but if you want you can stay in the private sector, and the treatment is held on a sanatorium card.
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Entertainment, excursions and attractions of Pyatigorsk
Pyatigorsk is famous for its natural beauties and historical sights. For fans of breathtaking scenery walks along the mountain Mashuk. Mashuk forest park is transferred to the state nature protection zone of the Beshtagorsky forest park: pine, oak and birch are neighbors, and in the autumn the slopes of the mountains are alder from the dogwood, hawthorn, dog rose, mountain ash and barberry. From the slopes of the mountain opens a delightful panorama of the Caucasian ridge. Beautiful views open up the mountain on a cable car.
Among the main attractions are also noted: hotel "Bristol", ensemble "Pushkin Baths", Lazarevskaya church. In the central square of the city there is an ancient fountain "Gnomes" with grottoes. For the colorful appearance of these dwarves, local residents respectfully nicknamed him simply "grandfathers."
A separate mention is deserved by the famous Failure (never repaired since the Great Combinator) - a collapsed rock grotto with a small lake at the bottom.
A curious place is the Pushkin, Ermolov and Pirogov baths. Next to them is the Elizabethan flower garden, which does not leave any visitor indifferent. The sculpture of the eagle, the symbol of Pyatigorsk, deserves special attention. Pyatigorsk also argues with Kislovodsk for the role of the main Lermontov seat, the city in which the action took place in Princess Mary and in other stories of the "Hero of Our Time."
Lermontovsky Pyatigorsk
Lermontov's name is inextricably linked with the history of Pyatigorsk: he visited here as a child, lived during the exile to the Caucasus, wrote well-known works "The Prophet", "I walk out alone for the road" and died here tragically. Not surprisingly, there are so many places in the city connected with Mikhail Yurievich.
It is worth to visit the museum "Lermontov's Cottage" (4 Lermontov Street, by tram or bus to the stop "Tsvetnik", then on foot up the Andzhievsky street), on the basis of which in 1973 the State Museum-Reserve M. Yu. Lermontov was created . It includes the oldest quarter of Pyatigorsk, as well as Lermontov's places in Kislovodsk and Zheleznovodsk.
In the park named after Lermontov there is a monument to the poet, whose author is the famous sculptor Opekushin, the creator of the monument to Pushkin in Moscow. Also interesting is the house of the Versilins, where Major-General Versilin's family lived and often the youth gathered. In the evening of July 13, 1841, Lermontov's quarrel with Martynov occurred here, in the drawing room, which served as an occasion for a duel. In the house of the Versilins the exposition "Lermontov in the Caucasus", including historical documents, autographs of the poet, his paintings and drawings, is deployed.
Lermontovskie baths (formerly Nikolaevsky, Kirov avenue, 21) - one of the oldest health resorts in Russia. During the first reference to the Caucasus, the poet wrote to a friend: "Having caught cold, I came to the waters all in rheumatism; people in the cart carried me out, I could not walk - in a month they completely corrected the water ... "And also many places mentioned in Princess Mary: the gazebo" Aeolian harp ", the Elizabethan gallery and the spring, the grotto of Lermontov (who was so nicknamed already after the death of the poet).
And many other interesting places: the former Restaurant building (Kirova Avenue, 30), the southern slope of Mashuk Mountain - the "Failure", the Grotto of Diana, the place of the duel (the foot of Mashuk Mountain) and the place of the original burial of Lermontov (the old cemetery).
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Photo of Pyatigorsk (27)